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Sher Shah Suri
Sher Shah Suri (1486 – 22 May 1545) ((パシュトー語:فريد خان شير شاہ سوري) – ''Farīd Xān Šer Šāh Sūrī'', birth name Farid Khan, also known as Sher Khan, "The Lion King") was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India, with its capital at Delhi. An ethnic Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Shēr Shah of Sūr )〕 He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then as the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Khan overran the state of Bengal and established the Sur dynasty. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar the Great, son of Humayun.〔
During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, he set up a new civic and military administration, issued the first ''Rupiya'' and re-organised the postal system of India.〔 He further developed Humayun's ''Dina-panah'' city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra as Patna which had been in decline since the 7th century CE.〔(Patna ) encyclopedia.com.〕 He is also famously remembered for killing a fully grown tiger with his bare hands in a jungle of Bihar.〔〔 He extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in near eastern India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country.
==Early life and origin==
Sher Shah Suri was born as ''Farid Khan'' in the present day place Sasaram State Bihar India. As his real name is Farid Khan but he was known as Sher Shah because he alone hunted a Lion in his early age in the place Sherghati Bihar .His surname 'Suri' was taken from his Hometown "Sur". His grand father Ibrahim Khan Suri was a land lord (Jagirdar) in Narnaul area and represented Delhi rulers of that period. Mazar of Ibrahim Khan Suri still stands as a monument in Narnaul. ''Tarikh-i Khan Jahan Lodi'' (MS. p. 151).〔 also confirm this fact. However, the online Encyclopædia Britannica states that he was born in Sasaram (Bihar), in the Rohtas district.〔 He was one of about eight sons of Mian Hassan Khan Suri, a prominent figure in the government of Bahlul Khan Lodi. Sher Khan belonged to the Pashtun Sur tribe (the Pashtuns are known as ''Afghans'' in historical Persian language sources). His grandfather, Ibrahim Khan Suri, was a noble adventurer who was recruited much earlier by Sultan Bahlul Lodi of Delhi during his long contest with the Jaunpur Sultanate.
During his early age, Farid was given a village in Fargana, Delhi(comprising present day districts of Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabhua of Bihar) by Omar Khan Sarwani, the counselor and courtier of Bahlul Khan Lodi. Farid Khan and his father,a jagirdar of sasaram in Bihar, who had several wives, did not get along for a while so he decided to run away from home. When his father discovered that he fled to serve Jamal Khan, the governor of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, he wrote Jamal Khan a letter that stated: Jamal Khan had advised Farid to return home but he refused. Farid replied in a letter:
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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